Overview
Intracranial venous malformations are abnormalities in the veins of the brain that are unusually large. These malformations generally don't cause symptoms or affect the normal functioning of the veins. In some cases, they may be discovered incidentally during a brain imaging test for another condition. Intracranial venous malformations typically do not require treatment and can be monitored for any potential changes in symptoms or size.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Intracranial venous malformations (veins in the brain that are unusually large) usually don't cause symptoms or require treatment. However, if an individual has a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which is a specific type of intracranial venous malformation, they may experience symptoms such as:
- Seizures
- Headache or pain in one area of the head
- Muscle weakness or numbness in one part of the body
- Vision loss
- Difficulty speaking
- Confusion or inability to understand others
- Severe unsteadiness
- Signs and symptoms of a brain AVM may begin at any age but usually emerge between ages 10 and 40. Brain AVMs can damage brain tissue over time. The effects slowly build and often cause symptoms in early adulthood. If you notice any signs or symptoms of a brain AVM, such as seizures, headaches, or other symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Development
Intracranial venous malformations (IMVs) are veins in the brain that are unusually large. The cause of IMVs is not well understood, and most cases occur by chance during fetal development. There is no evidence to suggest that these malformations are inherited or caused by environmental factors. In some cases, they are discovered incidentally during imaging tests for other conditions. IMVs usually do not require treatment unless they cause symptoms or are at risk of rupturing.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
To diagnose intracranial venous malformations, your healthcare provider might find the condition during testing for other neurological problems. Imaging tests such as CT scan, MRI, MRA, and MRV can be used to diagnose the condition. These tests create detailed images of your blood vessels and brain, and in some cases, a contrast dye may be injected to provide more information. However, intracranial venous malformations are typically not treated as they rarely cause symptoms. If you have unrelated symptoms, such as headaches, your doctor might prescribe medications.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Intracranial venous malformations, also called venous angiomas or cavernous angiomas, are abnormal blood vessels in the brain that are typically benign. They may not cause any symptoms and often go undetected unless found during an imaging test for another condition. However, some people with intracranial venous malformations may experience symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or pain in one area of the head. In rare cases, complications such as hemorrhage or brain damage may occur. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you notice any signs or symptoms of a brain AVM, such as seizures or headaches.
Treatment
Intracranial venous malformations themselves typically do not require treatment as they are often asymptomatic. However, some people may experience symptoms, and treatment might be considered in those cases. Treatment options for symptomatic intracranial venous malformations may include:
- Observation: For some people with intracranial venous malformations, no treatment may be needed if they don't experience symptoms or have a low risk of complications.
- Embolization: This is a minimally invasive procedure where a doctor inserts a catheter into an artery and positions it near the malformation. Then, they use materials like coils or glue to block the malformation's blood flow.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove or repair the malformation. This is typically reserved for cases where the risk of complications is high or the malformation is causing significant symptoms. It's important to consult with a medical professional to determine the best course of action for an individual's specific situation.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for intracranial venous malformations, it is important to:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. Ask your healthcare provider if there's anything you need to do in advance.
- Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including those that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements you're taking.
- Bring any previous scans or X-rays (including images and reports) and other relevant medical records to the appointment.
- Consider bringing a family member or friend to help you remember all the information provided during the appointment. Remember to arrive prepared and on time for your appointment. This will help ensure that you make the most of your time with your healthcare provider.